Heat Exchanger Fouling and Cleaning XI – 2015
07-12 June 2015, Enfield (Dublin), Ireland
PREFACE
The heat exchanger fouling and cleaning community is confronted with new challenges that have not been foreseen in the past and with old problems that are increasingly getting worse. For example, the automotive industry utilizes more heat exchangers to meet efficiency and emission standards by reducing NOx through exhaust gas recirculation (EGR) coolers. While theoretically being very effective, this technique has been severely hindered by rapid formation of various types of deposit on the cooler surfaces. Along the same lines, oil refineries nowadays have to cope with heavier crude oils or densified residuals with higher risk of fouling from sources which until recently have not been economical to process. World population growth, particularly in coastal arid areas, demands more potable water from seawater desalination which is prone to formation of deposits. Numerous studies have shown that heat exchanger fouling may be responsible for 1-2.5% of global CO2 emissions. Cost penalties due to fouling, e.g. for additional fuel, down-time, over-design, cleaning chemicals, etc., have been estimated as about 0.25% of the GDP of industrialized nations.
A bi-yearly series of conferences on heat exchanger fouling and cleaning has been organized since 1995, mostly by the editors of the present e-proceedings. These meetings provide a unique opportunity for experts from industry, academia and government research centres from around the world to present their latest research findings and technological developments in the areas of fouling mitigation and cleaning technologies. The meetings consist of overview presentations, technical papers, poster sessions, and panel discussions. Following the highly successful meetings in San Luis Obispo, USA (1995), Lucca, Italy (1997), Banff, Canada (1999), Davos, Switzerland (2001), Santa Fé, USA (2003), Kloster Irsee, Germany (2005), Tomar, Portugal (2007), Schladming, Austria (2009), Crete Island, Greece (2011), Budapest, Hungary (2013), the 11th conference in this series was held in Enfield (Dublin), Ireland (2015).
The following papers have been presented and recommended for publication in the conference e-proceedings after a careful refereeing and revision process. The proceedings cover many aspects of heat exchanger fouling along with innovative state-of-the-art fouling mitigation and cleaning strategies. The editors wish to thank everybody who contributed towards the conference and the post conference e-proceedings, i.e.
- all the authors and participants who invested substantial efforts to produce high-quality papers and to attend the conference;
- the technical referees who helped to improve the quality of these papers even more, by providing valuable and helpful comments;
- the conference sponsors; and
- the Conference Advisory Committee and the Session Chairpersons.
Editors
M. Reza Malayeri
Technische Universität Dresden (Germany)
Shiraz University (Iran)
Hans Müller-Steinhagen
Technische Universität Dresden (Germany)
A. Paul Watkinson
University of British Columbia (Canada)
Our sponsors:
ARTICLES
(PDF documents)
CRUDE OIL AND HYDROCARBON FLUID FOULING
- Twenty Years of Ebert
and Panchal – What Next?
D.I. Wilson, E.M. Ishiyama and G.T. Polley - A Critical Look at the
Use of Activation Energy in Crude Oil Fouling Models
A.D. Smith and H.M. Joshi - Impact of Mixing on
Crude Oil Fouling Tests
M.R. Lane and J.S. Harris - Heat Exchanger Design
with High Shear Stress: Reducing Fouling or Throughput?
F. Coletti, E. Diaz-Bejarano, J. Martinez and S. Macchietto - Crude Oil Fouling Deposition,
Suppression, Removal – and how to Tell the Difference
E. Diaz-Bejarano, F. Coletti and S. Macchietto - Fouling Management of
Thermal Cracking Units
E.M. Ishiyama, J. Kennedy and S.J. Pugh - Investigating the
Impact of Boiling Conditions on the Fouling of a Crude oil
J.S. Harris, M.R. Lane and A.D. Smith - Thermal Fouling of Heat
Exchanger Tubes due to Heavy Hydrocarbon Droplets Impingement
P. Verhees, A. Mahulkar, K. Van Geem and G.J. Heynderickx - Deposition from a Sour
Heavy Oil under Incipient Coking Conditions: Wall Shear Stress Effects and Mechanism
W. Wang and A.P. Watkinson - Fouling in the Crude
Oil Distillation Pre-Heat Train: Comparison of Experimental Data with Model Results
A. Chambon, M. Ratel, Z. Anxionnaz-Minvielle, B. Aquino, A. Buffet and B. Vinet - Modelling Shell-Side
Crude Oil Fouling in Shell-and-Tube Heat Exchangers
E. Diaz-Bejarano and F. Coletti - Beyond Fouling Factors:
A Reaction Engineering Approach to Crude Oil Fouling Modelling
E. Diaz-Bejarano, F. Coletti and S. Macchietto - Analysis of Highly
Noisy Crude Oil Fouling Data using Kalman Filter
A.R. Mirsadraee and M.R. Malayeri - EMbaffle® in Refinery
Service. on-Field Study and Data Validation through SmartPM®
M. Brignone, F. Perrone, M. Rottoli, S.J. Pugh and E.M. Ishiyama
FOULING IN POWER PLANTS
- The Interaction of a
Film-Forming Amine with Surfaces of a Recirculating Experimental Water Loop
M. Jack, S. Weerakul and D.H. Lister - The Role of
Thermophoresis during Deposit Built-up on a Superheater Tube
U.S. Kleinhans, M. Barnerßoi, S. Babat, C. Wieland and H. Spliethoff - A Methodology to
Simulate the Impact of Tube Fouling on Steam Generator Performance with a Thermal-Hydraulic
Code
T. Prusek, F. Oukacine and C. Hervouet - Analysis of the Impact
of Ash and Scale Fouling on the Superheater Operation
M. Trojan, D. Taler and J. Taler - Study on
Physicochemical Mechanism of Nickel Surface Oxidation Behavior under high Temperature Condition by using
Molecular Dynamic Method
X. Lu, T. Ma, M. Zeng, Y. Chen and Q.W. Wang
FOULING IN AUTOMOTIVE INDUSTRY
- Review and a Conceptual
Model of Exhaust Gas Recirculation (EGR) Cooler Fouling Deposition and Removal
Mechanism
T. Han, A.C. Booth, S. Song, D.J. Styles and J.W. Hoard - A Review of Particulate
Fouling and Challenges of Metal Foam Heat Exchangers
S.A. Fadhilah, M.R. Malayeri, and K. Hooman
INDUSTRIAL FOULING PROBLEMS
- Evaporator Fouling
Tendencies of Thin Stillage and Concentrates from the Dry Grind Process
R.K. Challa, Y.B. Zhang, D.B. Johnston, V. Singh, N.J. Engeseth, M.E. Tumbleson and K.D. Rausch - Update on Field Tests
on Heat Exchangers Equipped with Dual Enhanced Tubes in a Quench Water Application
J. Sippel, J. El-Hajal, and T. Scott - Impact of Non-Uniform
Fouling on Operating Temperatures in Heat Exchanger Networks
L. Jackowski, P.J. Risse, and R.O. Smith - A Wall-Function
Approach for Direct Precipitation/Crystallization Fouling in CFD Modelling
S.G. Johnsen, S.T. Johansen and B. Wittgens
CRYSTALLIZATION FOULING
- Impact of Tube Surface
Properties on Crystallization Fouling in Falling Film Evaporators for Seawater
Desalination
H. Glade, A. Stärk, K. Krömer, K. Loisel, K. Odiot and S. Nied - Numerical Simulation of
Crystallization Fouling Taking into Account Fouling Layer Structures
J. Xiao, J. Han, F. Zhang, and X.D. Chen - Effects of Operating
and Geometric Parameters on CaSO4 Crystallization Fouling in Plate Heat
Exchangers
K.S. Song, S.W. Kim, H. Kang, C.H. Baek and Y.C. Kim
BIOFOULING
- Biofilm Formation on
Polymeric Heat Transfer Surfaces
S. Pohl, M. Madzgalla, W. Manz and H.-J. Bart - Antimicrobial Surfaces
to Combat Microbial and Organic Fouling in the Food Industry
K.A. Whitehead, S. Olivier, S. Hughes, P. Benson, D. Sawtell, G. West, L. Tetlow, K. Amamchukwu and P. Kelly - The Importance of
Material Properties, Nutrient Load and Shear Stress on Biofilm Formation
J.M.R. Moreira, L.C. Gomes, M. Simões, L.F. Melo and F.J. Mergulhão - In-situ Shipboard Heat
Exchanger Maintenance using Innovative I2 Bubble Infusion Technology
M. Radicone - Neutral Electrolysed
Oxidizing Water as Anti-Biofouling Alternative to Traditional Chlorine
A. Meireles, I. Machado, M. Simões, L.F. Melo
FOULING DURING FOOD PROCESSING
- Description of
the Cleaning Mechanism of a Model Food Soil Using an Optical Detection Method and the
FDG Technique
M. Helbig, H. Föste, W. Augustin, S. Scholl, J.-P. Majschak - Relationship between
β-Lactoglobulin Denaturation and Fouling Mass Distribution in a Plate Heat Exchanger
M. Khaldi, G. Ronse, C. André, P. Blanpain-Avet, L. Bouvier, T. Six, S. Bornaz, T. Croguennec, R. Jeantet and G. Delaplace - Investigation by Raman
Spectroscopy of the Conformational Structure of Whey Proteins Constituting Fouling Deposits during the
Processing in a Plate Heat Exchanger – Role of the Beta-Lactoglobulin Molten Globule
P. Blanpain-Avet, A. Hédoux, L. Paccou, Y. Guinet, T. Six, M. Khaldi and G. Delaplace - Experiments and
Simulations on the Cleaning of a Swellable Soil in Plane Channel Flow
M. Joppa, H. Köhler, F. Rüdiger, J.-P. Majschak and J. Fröhlich
PARTICULATE FOULING
- Fouling in Heavily
Polluted Gas Applications – Experience, Know-How, Sophisticated Approach
B. Kilkovský, V. Turek, Z. Jegla and P. Stehlík - Management of Acute
Particulate Fouling in a Titanium Dioxide Reactor System
V.Y. Lister, J.F. Davidson, S.J. Sutcliffe and D.I. Wilson - Dust Characterisation
for Solar Collector Deposition and Cleaning in a Concentrating Solar Thermal Power
Plant
Z. Guan, S. Yu, K. Hooman, H. Gurgenci and J. Barry
EFFECT OF SURFACE PROPERTIES
- Performance of Flexible
Ceramic Coated Surfaces Subjected to Crude Oil Fouling
O. Santos, C. Wictor, A. Törnqvist, M. Nilsson - Minimizing Calcium
Carbonate Scaling by Modifying the Surface of Heat Exchangers with Flexible Ceramic
Coatings
O. Santos, J. Anehamre, and M. Nilsson - Antibacterial
Efficiency of Boron Doped DLC Coatings
X.J. Su, S. Wang and Q. Zhao - Fouling-Repellent
Coating for Shell-and-Tube Heat Exchangers
C. Bischoff, T. Poulsen, R. Losada, J.O. Mortensen, L. Jackowski and S.T. Taylor - Biomimetic and
Bioinspired Anti-adhesive and Antimicrobial Surfaces
S. Mulansky, M. Ruhnow, F. Lenk, P. Goering, Th. Bley and E. Boschke - Effect of Structured
Surfaces on Fouling and Cleaning Behaviour in Plate Heat Exchangers
R. Murcek, E. Fuchs, A. Boye, P. Joppa and J.P. Majschak - Modelling Fouling of
Fluted Heat Transfer Surfaces
P. Besevic, S. M. Clarke and D. I. Wilson - Value Pricing of
Antifouling Surface Coatings in Heat Exchangers
O.M. Magens, J. Hofmans, M. Pabon and D.I. Wilson - Aging and Thermal
Conditioning of Modified Heat Exchanger Surfaces – Impact on Crystallization Fouling
K. Siebeneck, J. Lüken, Y. Lu, W. Augustin and S. Scholl
FOULING OF COMPACT AND MICRO HEAT EXCHANGERS
- Effect of Fouling and
Cleaning on the Thermal Performance of Welded Plate Heat Exchanger in an Offshore Reboiler
Application
A. Bani Kananeh, A. Stotz, and S. Deshmukh - Fouling in
Microstructured Devices: A Review on the Current State of Experimental Work
M. Schoenitz, L. Grundemann, W. Augustin and S. Scholl - Experimental
Investigation of Fouling of Brazed Plate Heat Exchangers in District Heating Systems
D. Taler and G. Jaglarz
FOULING MITIGATION
- Stream Flow Rate
Optimization for Fouling Mitigation in the Presence of Thermohydraulic Channelling
R.L. da Silva, A.L.H. Costa, and E.M. Queiroz - Electro-Hydromechanic
Cleaning of Hard Deposits in Tubular Exchangers – Fast, Safe and Efficient SISACO
Approach
M. Khani and M.R. Malayeri - Removal Kinetics of
Pink Guava Puree Fouling Deposit from a Stainless Steel Surface during Alkaline Cycle
N.I. Khalid, N. Nordin, N.Ab Aziz, A.A. Nuraini, F.S. Taip and A. Ahmedov - Energy Savings Obtained
using the Online Automatic Tube Cleaning System in HVAC Systems in Australia: Real World Case
Reviews
D.P. Ross, P.A. Cirtog and A. Swanson - Tube Inserts for Heat
Exchangers – For Energy Conservation
N. Aubin
CLEANING OF HEAT EXCHANGERS
- Innovation and
Efficiency: Low-Pressure Water Mechanical Cleaning of the Heat Exchanger Cases in heat Exchanger
Cleaning
G.E. Saxon, Jr. - Mechanical Cleaning in
Place of Heat Exchangers using the Comprex&trg; Process
S. Immel, J.C. Kuschnerow, N. Klein and H.-G. Hammann - Chemical Cleaning and
Decontamination of Refinery and Petrochemical Distillation Equipment
B. Otzisk and M. Urschey - Effect of Scheduling
Cleaning of Crude Preheat Train Exchangers on the Operating Conditions of Fired
Heaters
E.M. Ishiyama, S.J. Pugh, J. Kennedy and D.I. Wilson
HEAT EXCHANGER FOULING MONITORING
- Plate-Fin Heat
Exchanger Fouling Identification using D-Optimal Experimental Design
K.A. Palmer, W.T. Hale, and G.M. Bollas - Operational and
Chemistry Modeling and Monitoring of Cooling Water Heat Exchangers for the Avoidance of Waterside
Fouling
E.S. Beardwood - The Use of Comparative
Modelling of Heat Exchangers in Cooling Water to Avoid Unscheduled Production
Downtime
E.S. Beardwood - Fouling Monitoring in
Power Plant
A. Kuboyama, T. Kuwahara, M. Nakamura and S. Iwahashi - A Fluid Dynamic Gauging
Device for Measuring Biofilms on Cylindrical Surfaces
M. Lemos, S. Wang, A. Ali, M. Simões and D.I. Wilson - Zero Discharge Fluid
Dynamic Gauge (ZFDG) for Studying the Swelling of Soft Solid Fouling Layers
S. Wang and D.I. Wilson